Different Types of Shipping Cases and Containers

The first step in shipping your product is figuring out what type of freight container to use. With a variety of shapes, sizes and features, choosing the right shipping container can help your products arrive at their location safely and at a reasonable cost.

When making your decision, note the type of product, the method of shipping and transport regulations. Depending on these factors, you’ll choose the best fit from a wide selection of shipping container types.

Why Container Choice Matters in Modern Supply Chains

Shipping containers ensure your products reach their destination intact. Different cargo types require different containers. Your product might need refrigeration, or it might be taller than the average container dimensions. Using the incorrect container for your product can lead to a damaged or spoiled supply, increasing your costs and lowering efficiency.

Some other reasons to choose the right shipping container include:

• Cost-efficiency: Purchasing an oversized container can add to the overall cost of shipping products.
• Protection and security: An unsuitable container may be more susceptible to weather conditions or theft.
• Compliance and regulations: Containers must meet certain standards and regulations to avoid fines and promote safety.

Rules and Regulations for Shipping Containers

There are various rules and regulations for containers and shipping processes. Before choosing your container type, it’s important to familiarize yourself with these regulations to avoid shipping delays, fines and cargo rejection.

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

The IMO sets standards for shipping containers that enhance safety and reduce environmental impact:

• International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC): With numerous amendments since its adoption in 1977, CSC regulations apply to sea, land and air shipping. By providing specific regulations for container safety, testing and maintenance, the IMO seeks to encourage the safety of those handling the containers and provide uniform international shipping standards.
• Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS): Enacted after the events of the Titanic, SOLAS protects the safety of sea freight shipping. Importantly, its regulations ensure the security of containers on ships, requiring a verified gross mass (VGM) for each container to confirm that its weight and cargo do not impact ship stability.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

The ISO seeks to enhance the ease of global shipping by creating standardization across freight container sizes, structural strength and material. Some key regulations include:

• Standard shipping container sizes: Typical air, ground and sea freight container sizes will be 20 or 40 feet in length, with compatible heights and widths.
• Strong materials: Typically made from steel, containers are corrosion-resistant and can withstand the elements.
• Security: With standardized locking mechanisms on containers, cargo is more secure against theft.
• Stackability: Standard sizes allow for the ability to easily stack containers for shipping.

With these features, the ISO increases the safety and cost-efficiency of shipping.

New vs. Used Containers

When purchasing shipping containers, you can choose between new and used options. There are benefits to both, depending on your purpose for purchasing.

New shipping containers have made one voyage, being built overseas and shipped to North America. The benefits include increased durability and a longer lifespan. New options are also ideal for companies with specific needs, as they are easily customizable. While these containers cost more initially, they can be a cost-effective option for those who have a long-term use for them.

Used shipping containers have taken a few trips around the world. When purchasing used containers, look for those that are certified by the Institute of International Container Lessors (IICL). Though they are used, these IICL containers meet high standards that promise structural integrity. Additionally, these containers cost less initially and may be a good fit for those who only need to use them a few times.

8 Common Types of Shipping Containers

Below are eight types of shipping containers and their typical uses.

1. Dry Containers

Dry containers or general-purpose containers are the most common type, as they can accommodate a wide variety of shipping needs. Typically used with nonperishable goods that don’t require temperature control, these containers are fully enclosed with protection from the elements.

Common sizes range from 20- to 40-foot lengths, and the standardization means that they easily load, stack and unload. These are one of the most cost-effective options due to their versatility.

2. Refrigerated ISO Containers

Refrigerated ISO containers ensure products remain temperature-controlled throughout their journey. Also called reefers, these containers are equipped with a power system to protect perishable items, like food and pharmaceutical products.

3. Insulated or Thermal Containers

Unlike reefers, insulated containers do not have an active cooling system. They rely on thermal insulation to maintain the necessary temperature, similar to how a thermos works. This option is better for shorter journeys and items that do not require a specific temperature range, like dry goods and furniture.

If your cargo requires protection from temperature fluctuations but doesn’t need full refrigeration, insulated containers are an excellent middle ground. They can maintain a stable temperature for protection against extreme heat or cold.

4. ISO Tanks

Built with ISO regulations in mind, these tanks are utilized for transporting liquid cargo. Made of stainless steel, ISO tanks can typically carry between 21,000 and 40,000 liters of liquid. With temperature control functions and leak resistance, these tanks can transport both hazardous and nonhazardous materials, from milk and molasses to gasoline.

5. Open-Top Containers

Equipped with an open or removable roof, open-top containers can transport oversized cargo. This option is ideal for bulky equipment or items that cannot be loaded by standard doors. Many open-top containers have lashing rings on the side walls, allowing you to secure cargo during travel. You can cover these containers with a specialized sheet or leave them open.

6. Hard-Top Containers

Similar to open-top containers, hard-top containers feature a removable steel or aluminum roof. With greater protection against weather and theft, this option is another good choice for items that require top loading.

7. High Cube Containers

These are similar to dry containers in all ways but one — height. With an extra foot of height, this option is beneficial for larger, taller and bulkier cargo that cannot fit into a standard unit.

8. Half-Height Shipping Containers

Used for shipping dense cargo, half-height shipping containers are half the height of standard dry containers. Typically 4 feet tall, these containers have a lower center of gravity, which improves their stability for heavier loads. Many models have an open top or hatch, allowing you to easily load materials like mineral concentrates, sand or gravel.

How to Choose the Right Container for Your Cargo

Knowing the standards for shipping containers and the most common types, you can begin to choose which option works best for you. Some important questions to ask when determining your shipping container include:

• What type of cargo am I transporting?
• What shipping method am I using?
• Is my product oversized or bulky?

Ship With EMO Trans

After choosing the best type of container for shipping your cargo, you will need to determine logistics to ensure your products arrive on time. With 60 years in the business, EMO Trans can handle your shipping logistics and provide options to customize your service based on your needs and budget.

Request your quote today!